Mixed Tarim Basin populations carrying haplogroups “A, C, and D” from Tibet, Central China and Mongolia can be traced through Siberia into the Americas as the Amerinds after 12,000 BC.⁸⁰ Haplogroup “B” is not found in Siberia and indicates distinct migrations from Southern Coastal Asia or South-central China.⁸¹ Toroni, et al⁸² suggest that the “B” haplotypes are characteristic of Malaysians and related people who originated from Pleistocene China,⁸³ and also agreed that mtDNA “B”  was carried by separate migrations distinct from mtDNA “A” population migrations.

 

Commercial trading across the Atlantic was well established between northwest Europe and northeastern America as early as 10,000 BC.⁸⁷ By 8000 BC Middle East or Druze, Italian, and Finnish trading networks impacted the mtDNA “X” hybrid Algonquin/Ojibwa tribes around Lake Superior.⁸⁸ There is a growing cluster of huge, nearly exhausted ancient mines around the great Lake Superior in Michigan that imply prehistoric, industrialized copper mining by 7000 BC.⁸⁹ It has been suggested that Megalithic Berber pioneers initiated mining operations around the Isle Royale; while later the progressive Bell Beaker exported about 500,000 tons of copper back to Europe via the St. Lawrence and Mississippi Rivers.⁹⁰ North American copper artifacts from the Laurentian culture that date to 4000 BC,⁹¹ or possibly to 6000 BC,⁹² have been recovered from archeological context.⁹³